A series of orations given by Demosthenes. Demosthenes orations focused on painting Philip II as a "ruthless, deceitful, treacherous, and barbaric" villain who would ultimately harm Greece, if Greece did not pursue an initiative to quell his power.

Greek: literally "female companions." An elite class of prostitutes or courtesans. Hetairai were usually ex-slaves or foreign nationals with a certain level of sophistication as compared with other 'prostitutes.' Hetairai were dancers, musicians and entertainers. Prostitution was not generally frowned upon in ancient Greece, and therefore Hetairai also provided sex …

A group of Greek teachers and scholars in the fifth century BCE who argued that attempts by humans to understand the universe were futile. Sophists believed that the universe was incomprehensible to the human mind, and that humans should strive to improve their personal characteristics such as strength, stamina, and …

431- 404 BCE -- A war between the Spartan and Athenian poleis which probably stemmed from Spartan fear of Athens, or Athenian imperialism. The Spartans finally defeated the Athenian fleet in 405 BCE. Shortly thereafter the Athenian navy was disbanded, and the Athenian Empire destroyed.

478 BCE -- A confederation of Greek city-states designed to resist Persian imperialism. The Delian League cemented the political power of the Athenians, while at the same time the Spartans shied away from international politics. The headquarters of the Delian League was on the Island of Delos, central to the Ionian …

550- 469 BCE -- A series of battles and uprisings stemming from Persian encroachment into Greek territories. The Persians conquered the Ionian Greek cities prior to 550 BCE, however, the Persian rule was seen as needlessly harsh and cruel by the Greeks. The Greeks revolted in 499 BCE

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