1000 BCE -- Moses, a renowned leader of the Hebrew people, received the "Covenant" from God on Mt. Sinai. The covenant includes the Ten Commandments, which were embossed on stone tablets. Saul, the first king of the Hebrew people established a kingdom near Palestine. Later, David and Solomon expanded the kingdom …

1567- 1085 -- The pharaoh Ahmose I defeated and expelled the Hyksos from Egypt, reuniting the kingdom to end the age of chaos. This established the eighteenth dynasty and a period of Egyptian civilization historians refer to as "The New Kingdom." This period of Egyptian civilization was marked by improvements in …

Greek: literally 'sacred writings.' A system of pictographic writing used by the ancient Egyptians to depict objects and to convey a sense of sacred value. Hieroglyphs did not serve as a phonetic alphabet and conveyed strictly pictographic representations. Many hieroglyphs were carved in stone, but the Egyptians also notably used …

The ancient Egyptian god of the Sun. Atum was the human form of the god, while Re was a figure with the body of a human with the head of a falcon. Ancient Egyptians believed that the Sun was the fount of life. The pharaoh was seen as the earthly …

The pharaoh was an institution of divine monarchical ascention in ancient Egyptian society. The pharaoh was a monarch attributed with god-like authority and power. The pharaoh was expected to rule with Ma'at.

A spiritual precept of ancient Egyptian rule. Ma'at requires the pharaoh to rule according to principals of truth and justice, with deference to right order and harmony. In ancient Egypt, pharaohs were thought to be divine instruments required to preserve the order and harmony of the universe.