A Greek social institution which was used for education and physical training of young people. Initially only used for sports, the institution of the gymnasium later evolved to become a center of learning. Curricula included music, sports, and literature. Most gymnasiums where open to boys and girls, however examples exist …

Greek, literally "common tongue." A dialect of the Greek language, based on the Athenian dialect, which was commonly used throughout the Hellenistic Kingdoms. The Hellenistic kingdoms were the Kingdoms that were established in the wake of the death of Alexander and the fragmentation of his empire.

A series of orations given by Demosthenes. Demosthenes orations focused on painting Philip II as a "ruthless, deceitful, treacherous, and barbaric" villain who would ultimately harm Greece, if Greece did not pursue an initiative to quell his power.

Greek: literally "female companions." An elite class of prostitutes or courtesans. Hetairai were usually ex-slaves or foreign nationals with a certain level of sophistication as compared with other 'prostitutes.' Hetairai were dancers, musicians and entertainers. Prostitution was not generally frowned upon in ancient Greece, and therefore Hetairai also provided sex …

A group of Greek teachers and scholars in the fifth century BCE who argued that attempts by humans to understand the universe were futile. Sophists believed that the universe was incomprehensible to the human mind, and that humans should strive to improve their personal characteristics such as strength, stamina, and …

431- 404 BCE -- A war between the Spartan and Athenian poleis which probably stemmed from Spartan fear of Athens, or Athenian imperialism. The Spartans finally defeated the Athenian fleet in 405 BCE. Shortly thereafter the Athenian navy was disbanded, and the Athenian Empire destroyed.