The English parliament established, 1300, was one of the primarily democratizing influences in the English monarchy. Originally parliament was used to refer to the meeting of the kings council, however, Edward I invited two knights from every county and two representatives from each city and town to meet and consent …

A troubadour was a strolling minstrel or lyric poet. Troubadours were French, Italian and Spanish composers who sang and wrote about courtly love.

Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals are typified by two distinct types of architecture. The Romanesque cathedral was usually a rectangular basilica style similar to a fortress or castle …

Universitas is a Latin word which refereed to a corporation or guild of students or teachers. The univseritas evolved into our modern notion of the University. Universities developed in the middle ages, and several were established by the eleventh and twelve centuries.

Scholasticism is the philosophical and theological system used in medieval schools. Scholasticism developed in the eleventh and twelfth centuries along with the university. One of the primary tenants of scholasticism was an attempt to reconcile faith and reason.

A burgher is a member of the middle class in a European city, especially during the high middle ages, . The burgher class was principally composed of merchants and trades people.

Craft guilds played a key role in the production of material goods in the middle ages, . Craft guilds established standards for production of goods and labor practices. Craft guilds also established fixed prices for the sale of goods. The guild process involved a training hierarchy where a person would start …