Western Asia- The Magyars were encouraged to attack the Bulgars by the Byzantine emperors, while the Bulgars urged the Pechenegs to attack the Magyars. The Magyars were eventually forced into eastern and central Europe by the Pecheneg pressure. The Magyars built a strong presence in Hungary and made many raids …

843 CE- After the death of Charlemagne, his son Louis the Pious, 814- 840 CE , succeeded him to the throne, however the stability of the Empire soon came into question as competing influences vied for the throne. In 843 CE after the death Louis the Pious, his three sons signed …

Charlemagne spearheaded an intellectual movement to revive classical literature, arts, and learning in the Carolingian Empire. This movement included the copying of classical works in monasteries, the elevation of scholars into high office within the royal court and the preeminence of classical thinking as an ideal of scholarship. This revival …

The Gibraltar Crusade

The Gibraltar Crusade was a battle for control of the Strait of Gibraltar waged by Castile, Morocco, and Granada in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries. It is considered a major chapter in the Christian reconquest of Spain known as The Reconquista. The book Warfare in …

790 CE

Alcuin was a famous scholar from the school at York. Alcuin was adviser on ecclesiastical affairs in Charlemagne's court and one of the important leaders at the palace school. Alcuin taught classical Latin and liberal arts, and helped to maintain scholarship in the Catholic church.

The scriptorium was the head of the monastic scriptoria or writing rooms. The scriptorium was an important monastic office and represented concerted power and influence in the monastery. These writing rooms were where monks copied sacred and important historical texts for posterity.