484- 425 BCE - Herodotus wrote what is often considered one of the first histories written in Western Civilization, History of the Persian Wars. He is often referred to as the "father of history" since his work is the earliest lengthly text to survive intact. Herodotus' central theme deals with the …

431- 404 BCE -- A war between the Spartan and Athenian poleis which probably stemmed from Spartan fear of Athens, or Athenian imperialism. The Spartans finally defeated the Athenian fleet in 405 BCE. Shortly thereafter the Athenian navy was disbanded, and the Athenian Empire destroyed.

461 - 429 BCE- A prominent figure in Athenian politics during a time when Athenian power was at its height. This time is known as The Age of Pericles and is marked by powerful democratic influences in Athens. One of the most important government bodies was a democratic institution known as …

478 BCE -- A confederation of Greek city-states designed to resist Persian imperialism. The Delian League cemented the political power of the Athenians, while at the same time the Spartans shied away from international politics. The headquarters of the Delian League was on the Island of Delos, central to the Ionian …

550- 469 BCE -- A series of battles and uprisings stemming from Persian encroachment into Greek territories. The Persians conquered the Ionian Greek cities prior to 550 BCE, however, the Persian rule was seen as needlessly harsh and cruel by the Greeks. The Greeks revolted in 499 BCE

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A temple located in Delphi where a priestess listened to questions, and delivered responses that were said to be from the Greek God Apollo. The priestess listened to the questions in a state of ecstasy that was believed to be caused by Apollo. Priests interpreted the responses and returned the …